Enginar Yetiştiriciliği Kitabı 266 Sayfa

Print Color

Paper Coated

Size 15.5x21.5cm

Morphological Characteristics

Artichoke is a perennial herb. The above-ground organs are annual, and the root part, which forms the main stem under the ground, is perennial. Among the people, these exiles are called bastards. If care is not taken in the production with seeds, which is known as the generative production method, atavism, that is, wilding, occurs by losing the variety due to foreign pollination and opening, which occurs to a large extent. For this reason, the production method made with bottom shoots, which is the vegetalif production method, is used in artichoke production. In the production made with bottom shoots, the bottom shoot taken has all the characteristics of the plant from which it is taken. For this reason, artichoke production is done with bottom shoots (bastards). Seed production is widely used in breeding studies.

Root

Artichoke has a strong root structure. Since it is a perennial plant, it forms a black colored rhizome that thickens and becomes lignified during the year it grows underground (Figure 51). Fleshy lateral and fringe roots are formed on these rhizomes. Side and fringe roots are generally spread at 50 cm soil depth. It has been determined that these roots can go down to 1.5 m in light soil conditions (Günay, 1993; Abak, 1987). There are adventitious (sleeping) eyes on the rhizome, shoots and leaves are formed from these eyes. The storage materials formed in the leaves accumulate in the rhizome and allow perennial plants to continue their lives in the coming years. The rhizome survives as long as it stays under the ground in a waterless environment between May and August. If it is watered, it develops by plowing again.

Body

Artichoke stem can take 50-200 cm in length. The body is round and longitudinally striped. The green color is dominant in the body, and this color turns purple in some varieties due to anthocyan formation. The leaves are arranged alternately on the stem. The plant can form 2-5 lateral branches from the leaf axils. The main stem and side branches end with a flower tray. 10-15 separate stems can be formed from an artichoke pit, but 2-3 of them are allowed to develop in order to increase quality and yield.